IMPACT OF DYNAMIC PRICING WITH SMART METERS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GRID LOAD STABILITY IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE USAGE
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Abstract
The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Indonesia presents both opportunities and challenges for the national electricity grid. This study analyzes the impact of dynamic electricity pricing, enabled by smart meter technology, on energy consumption patterns and grid load stability among EV users. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected from 100 EV users charging their vehicles at smart meter-equipped stations. The study examined variations in electricity consumption and costs across peak, off-peak, and super off-peak periods and analyzed changes in grid load before and after dynamic pricing implementation. Results show that while electricity consumption volumes remain statistically similar across different charging times, the total electricity cost varies significantly due to dynamic tariff differences. EV users who shifted charging to lower-tariff off-peak hours benefited from reduced costs, demonstrating economic incentives to adapt consumption behavior. Furthermore, dynamic pricing contributed to a 10% reduction in peak electricity load and a more even distribution of grid demand during nighttime hours, enhancing grid stability and operational efficiency. In conclusion, dynamic pricing combined with smart metering is an effective approach to managing the growing electricity demands from EV adoption, improving cost efficiency for consumers and promoting a more resilient and sustainable.
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